苏珊·格拉斯佩尔 (Susan Glaspell) 是一位美国剧作家兼女演员。在世时,她的作品得到了追捧,但她的离世也带走了她的作品热度。随着女性解放运动在二十世纪的兴起,苏珊作品中透露的女性主义思想得到了重视。苏珊一生著作颇多,共有剧本十五部。这些作品融合了她的亲身经历,同时涉及到种种社会问题,如性别不平等和种族矛盾等。今天要介绍的是她的代表作——《琐事》(Trifles),一部基于真实案例,极具女性主义色彩的作品。
该剧本讲述了一起发生在一个小村镇的凶杀案。被害人农民约翰·莱特 (John Wright) 在深夜时被勒死在自家床上,而他的妻子明妮·莱特 (Minnie Wright) 被警方定位为最大嫌疑人。作为一个独幕剧 (one-act play),苏珊没有正面描写整个凶杀场景,而是选择将情节定于凶杀案后。县治安官彼得斯 (Peters)、县检察官亨德森 (Henderson) 和邻居黑尔 (Hale) 前往莱特家寻找莱特太太的杀人动机和线索。同行的还有彼得斯太太和黑尔太太,她们被叫去整理一些生活用品,拿去给关押在拘留所的莱特太太。
剧中,三个男人屋里屋外,楼下楼上,到处寻找线索,但一无所获。而呆在厨房里的两名妇女,在瓶瓶罐罐中找到了直指莱特太太犯罪行为的关键线索。她们在针织盒里发现了一块莱特太太正在缝制的花布,上面有一处针脚很不规则,看起来她似乎很是慌张失措。她们发现了一个鸟笼,门是坏的,其中一个铰链被扯开。同时,她们在一个颇为精致的盒子里找到了一只被拧断脖子的金丝雀。另外,根据男人的说法,莱特是被绳子勒死的,而不是被枪射死的,卧室里正好放有一把枪。
通过这些琐碎的线索以及回顾莱特太太婚前婚后的巨大变化,彼得斯太太和黑尔太太推断她一直以来都受到丈夫的欺霸,她唯一的生活乐趣——金丝雀——也被丈夫残忍地夺去了。丈夫的这一举动彻底点燃了莱特太太心中压制已久的怒火,她用针织的手法将绳子打了个结,把丈夫勒死在睡梦中。同样处于弱势地位的亨德森太太和黑尔太太最后选择将这些线索隐瞒起来,希望可以帮助莱特太太逃脱法律的制裁。这个剧本取名为“琐事”,意在讽刺男人的狂妄自大。他们认为女人只会关注家长里短,但故事最后告诉我们正是她们在一堆琐事中找到了关键线索,而他们一无所获。
接下来,让我们读一些句子,看看苏珊是如何通过细节来体现当时的男女关系的。
At the rear the outer door opens and the SHERIFF comes in followed by the COUNTY ATTORNEY and HALE. The SHERIFF and HALE are men in middle life, the COUNTY ATTORNEY is a young man; all are much bundled up and go at once to the stove. They are followed by the two women—the SHERIFF's wife first; she is a slight wiry woman, a thin nervous face. MRS HALE is larger and would ordinarily be called more comfortable looking, but she is disturbed now and looks fearfully about as she enters. The women have come in slowly, and stand close together near the door.
后门开了,先进来的是县治安官,紧接着的是县检察官和黑尔。县治安官和黑尔都是中年男子,县检察官是一位年轻人。他们穿着厚厚的衣服,一进到房里就走向火炉(取暖)。最后走进来的是两名妇女,先进来的是县治安官的妻子,长得清瘦而结实,脸小小的,神情紧张。下一个是黑尔太太,身材更高大,长相可以说是看起来让人觉得很舒服,但她现在有点心神不宁,踏进房子的那一刻她看起来很害怕。她们俩人慢慢地走进来,在靠近门的地方站着,紧紧依偎着。
(一开场,三个男人便占据了整个舞台中心,而女人则站在角落,看起来拘谨卑微。)
COUNTY ATTORNEY: I guess we'll go upstairs first—and then out to the barn and around there, (to the SHERIFF) You're convinced that there was nothing important here—nothing that would point to any motive.
SHERIFF: Nothing here but kitchen things.
县检察官:我想我们首先上楼去看看,然后去屋外的粮仓和周围的地方。(对县治安官说)你确定这里没有什么值得搜查的,没有任何线索可以指向杀人动机的。
县治安官:这里什么都没有,就除了厨房物品。
(三个男人认为女人的空间不值得搜查,从而导致他们和线索失之交臂。)
MRS PETERS: (to the other woman) Oh, her fruit; it did freeze, (to the LAWYER) She worried about that when it turned so cold. She said the fire'd go out and her jars would break.
SHERIFF: Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves.
COUNTY ATTORNEY: I guess before we're through she may have something more serious than preserves to worry about.
HALE: Well, women are used to worrying over trifles.
彼得斯太太:(对着黑尔太太)噢,她的水果真的冻住了。(对县检察官说)天气变得这么冷,她很担心她的水果。她说屋内的火都熄了,装水果的瓶子会冻裂的。
县治安官:呵,女人真是不可理喻!都因为杀人被逮捕了,还要担心她腌制的水果。
县检察官:我想等我们搜证结束,她或许就会有比腌制品更严重的事情值得担忧了。
黑尔:唉,女人就是喜欢操心琐事。
COUNTY ATTORNEY: Dirty towels! Not much of a housekeeper, would you say, ladies?
MRS HALE: There's a great deal of work to be done on a farm.
COUNTY ATTORNEY: To be sure. And yet I know there are some Dickson county farmhouses which do not have such roller towels.
MRS HALE: Those towels get dirty awful quick. Men's hands aren't always as clean as they might be.
COUNTY ATTORNEY: Ah, loyal to your sex, I see.
县检察官:这毛巾还真脏!她还真不算是一个称职的家庭主妇呢,对吧,女士们?
黑尔太太:我们在农场上有很多活要干。
县检察官:当然。但据我所知,在迪克森,很多农舍可没有像这种挂在滚筒上的毛巾。
黑尔太太:这些毛巾很快就变脏。男人的手总是脏兮兮的。
县检察官:啊,我明白,你这是在忠于你的性别。
MRS PETERS: She was piecing a quilt.
MRS HALE: I wonder if she was goin' to quilt it or just knot it?
SHERIFF: They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it!
[The men laugh, the women look abashed.]彼得斯太太:看,她在拼织一块布。
黑尔太太:我很好奇她是要缝起来呢还是要打个结呢?
县治安官:她们在考虑她是要缝还是要打结!
[男人们哈哈大笑,女人们满脸窘迫](男人的话里行间处处透露出对女性的轻视。)